Do you use a reverse proxy? Is your Apache a "clean install" or does it have different configuration? What are the exact request and response headers of the request?
Is a standard installation with different V-Hosts and activated compression. A proxy is not used. I've tested it with several different servers with different configurations.
After disabling SSL on the server and active compression, it works too.
It also works via SSL if the header is manipulated in the browser to inactive compression.
But we don't want to operate a productive server without SSL.
This is not helping, as I don't know which of the requests are causing the error.
In any case this looks like an Apache misconfiguration.
But we need more information, the list of the requests, which one is failing, etc..
What is the exact request causing ERR_CONTENT_DECODING_FAILED error, and then what are the full details of such request? The browser shows everything, you can just copy and paste from it, either text or image.
Using Fiddler to inspect all requests in detail also helps.